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selectdevs(3)

NAME

     devstat, devstat_getnumdevs, devstat_getgeneration, devstat_getversion,
     devstat_checkversion, devstat_getdevs, devstat_selectdevs,
     devstat_buildmatch, devstat_compute_statistics, devstat_compute_etime --
     device statistics utility library


LIBRARY

     Device Statistics Library (libdevstat, -ldevstat)


SYNOPSIS

     #include <devstat.h>

     int
     devstat_getnumdevs(kvm_t *kd);

     long
     devstat_getgeneration(kvm_t *kd);

     int
     devstat_getversion(kvm_t *kd);

     int
     devstat_checkversion(kvm_t *kd);

     int
     devstat_getdevs(kvm_t *kd, struct statinfo *stats);

     int
     devstat_selectdevs(struct device_selection **dev_select,
	 int *num_selected, int *num_selections, long *select_generation,
	 long current_generation, struct devstat *devices, int numdevs,
	 struct devstat_match *matches, int num_matches,
	 char **dev_selections, int num_dev_selections,
	 devstat_select_mode select_mode, int maxshowdevs, int perf_select);

     int
     devstat_buildmatch(char *match_str, struct devstat_match **matches,
	 int *num_matches);

     int
     devstat_compute_statistics(struct devstat *current,
	 struct devstat *previous, long double etime, ...);

     long double
     devstat_compute_etime(struct bintime cur_time, struct bintime prev_time);


DESCRIPTION

     The devstat library is a library of helper functions for dealing with the
     kernel devstat(9) interface, which is accessible to users via sysctl(3)
     and kvm(3).  All functions that take a kvm_t * as first argument can be
     passed NULL instead of a kvm handle as this argument, which causes the
     data to be read via sysctl(3).  Otherwise, it is read via kvm(3) using
     the supplied handle.  devstat_checkversion() should be called with each
     kvm handle that is going to be used (or with NULL if sysctl(3) is going
     to be used).

     devstat_getnumdevs() returns the number of devices registered with the
     kernel devstat version.  If the two are identical, it returns zero.  Oth-
     erwise, it prints an appropriate error in devstat_errbuf and returns -1.

     devstat_getdevs() fetches the current list of devices and statistics into
     the supplied statinfo structure.  The statinfo structure can be found in
     <devstat.h>:

	   struct statinfo {
		   long 	   cp_time[CPUSTATES];
		   long 	   tk_nin;
		   long 	   tk_nout;
		   struct devinfo  *dinfo;
		   long double	   snap_time;
	   };

     devstat_getdevs() expects the statinfo structure to be allocated, and it
     also expects the dinfo subelement to be allocated and zeroed prior to the
     first invocation of devstat_getdevs().  The dinfo subelement is used to
     store state between calls, and should not be modified after the first
     call to devstat_getdevs().  The dinfo subelement contains the following
     elements:

	   struct devinfo {
		   struct devstat  *devices;
		   u_int8_t	   *mem_ptr;
		   long 	   generation;
		   int		   numdevs;
	   };

     The kern.devstat.all sysctl variable contains an array of devstat struc-
     tures, but at the head of the array is the current devstat generation.
     The reason the generation is at the head of the buffer is so that user-
     land software accessing the devstat statistics information can atomically
     get both the statistics information and the corresponding generation num-
     ber.  If client software were forced to get the generation number via a
     separate sysctl variable (which is available for convenience), the list
     of devices could change between the time the client gets the generation
     and the time the client gets the device list.

     The mem_ptr subelement of the devinfo structure is a pointer to memory
     that is allocated, and resized if necessary, by devstat_getdevs().  The
     devices subelement of the devinfo structure is basically a pointer to the
     beginning of the array of devstat structures from the kern.devstat.all
     sysctl variable (or the corresponding values read via kvm(3)).  The gen-
     eration subelement of the devinfo structure contains the corresponding
     generation number.  The numdevs subelement of the devinfo structure con-
     tains the current number of devices registered with the kernel devstat
     subsystem.

     devstat_selectdevs() selects devices to display based upon a number of
     criteria:

     specified devices
	   Specified devices are the first selection priority.	These are gen-
	   erally devices specified by name by the user e.g. da0, da1, cd0.

     match patterns
	   These are pattern matching expressions generated by
	   pattern, the performance tracking code will select every device in
	   the system, and sort them by performance.  If devices have been
	   selected by name or pattern, the performance tracking code will
	   honor those selections and will only sort among the selected
	   devices.

     order in the devstat list
	   If the selection mode is set to DS_SELECT_ADD, and if there are
	   still less than maxshowdevs devices selected, devstat_selectdevs()
	   will automatically select up to maxshowdevs devices.

     devstat_selectdevs() performs selections in four different modes:

     DS_SELECT_ADD	In add mode, devstat_selectdevs() will select any uns-
			elected devices specified by name or matching pattern.
			It will also select more devices, in devstat list
			order, until the number of selected devices is equal
			to maxshowdevs or until all devices are selected.

     DS_SELECT_ONLY	In only mode, devstat_selectdevs() will clear all cur-
			rent selections, and will only select devices speci-
			fied by name or by matching pattern.

     DS_SELECT_REMOVE	In remove mode, devstat_selectdevs() will remove
			devices specified by name or by matching pattern.  It
			will not select any additional devices.

     DS_SELECT_ADDONLY	In add only mode, devstat_selectdevs() will select any
			unselected devices specified by name or matching pat-
			tern.  In this respect it is identical to add mode.
			It will not, however, select any devices other than
			those specified.

     In all selection modes, devstat_selectdevs() will not select any more
     than maxshowdevs devices.	One exception to this is when you are in
     ``top'' mode and no devices have been selected.  In this case,
     devstat_selectdevs() will select every device in the system.  Client pro-
     grams must pay attention to selection order when deciding whether to pay
     attention to a particular device.	This may be the wrong behavior, and
     probably requires additional thought.

     devstat_selectdevs() handles allocation and resizing of the dev_select
     structure passed in by the client.  devstat_selectdevs() uses the numdevs
     and current_generation fields to track the current devstat generation and
     number of devices.  If num_selections is not the same as numdevs or if
     select_generation is not the same as current_generation,
     devstat_selectdevs() will resize the selection list as necessary, and re-
     initialize the selection array.

     devstat_buildmatch() take a comma separated match string and compile it
     into a devstat_match structure that is understood by selectdevs().  Match
     strings have the following format:

	   device,type,if

     devstat_buildmatch() takes care of allocating and reallocating the match
     list as necessary.  Currently known match types include:

	     optical	Optical Memory devices
	     changer	Medium Changer devices
	     comm	Communication devices
	     array	Storage Array devices
	     enclosure	Enclosure Services devices
	     floppy	Floppy devices

     interface:
	     IDE	Integrated Drive Electronics devices
	     SCSI	Small Computer System Interface devices
	     other	Any other device interface

     passthrough:
	     pass	Passthrough devices

     devstat_compute_statistics() is an updated version of compute_stats()
     that provides more complete statistics calculation.  There are four argu-
     ments for which values must be supplied: current, previous, etime, and
     the terminating argument for the varargs list, DSM_NONE.  For most appli-
     cations, the user will want to supply valid devstat structures for both
     current and previous.  In some instances, for instance when calculating
     statistics since system boot, the user may pass in a NULL pointer for the
     previous argument.  In that case, devstat_compute_statistics() will use
     the total stats in the current structure to calculate statistics over
     etime.  For each statistic to be calculated, the user should supply the
     proper enumerated type (listed below), and a variable of the indicated
     type.  All statistics are either integer values, for which a u_int64_t is
     used, or floating point, for which a long double is used.	The statistics
     that may be calculated are:

     DSM_NONE			     type: N/A

				     This must be the last argument passed to
				     devstat_compute_statistics().  It is an
				     argument list terminator.

     DSM_TOTAL_BYTES		     type: u_int64_t *

				     The total number of bytes transferred
				     between the acquisition of previous and
				     current.

     DSM_TOTAL_BYTES_READ

     DSM_TOTAL_BYTES_WRITE

     DSM_TOTAL_BYTES_FREE	     type: u_int64_t *

				     The total number of bytes in transactions
				     of the specified type between the acqui-
				     sition of previous and current.

     DSM_TOTAL_TRANSFERS	     type: u_int64_t *

				     The total number of transfers between the
				     acquisition of previous and current.

     DSM_TOTAL_TRANSFERS_OTHER
				     specified type between the acquisition of
				     previous and current.

     DSM_TOTAL_BLOCKS		     type: u_int64_t *

				     The total number of blocks transferred
				     between the acquisition of previous and
				     current.  This number is in terms of the
				     blocksize reported by the device.	If no
				     blocksize has been reported (i.e., the
				     block size is 0), a default blocksize of
				     512 bytes will be used in the calcula-
				     tion.

     DSM_TOTAL_BLOCKS_READ

     DSM_TOTAL_BLOCKS_WRITE

     DSM_TOTAL_BLOCKS_FREE	     type: u_int64_t *

				     The total number of blocks of the speci-
				     fied type between the acquisition of
				     previous and current.  This number is in
				     terms of the blocksize reported by the
				     device.  If no blocksize has been
				     reported (i.e., the block size is 0), a
				     default blocksize of 512 bytes will be
				     used in the calculation.

     DSM_KB_PER_TRANSFER	     type: long double *

				     The average number of kilobytes per
				     transfer between the acquisition of
				     previous and current.

     DSM_KB_PER_TRANSFER_READ

     DSM_KB_PER_TRANSFER_WRITE

     DSM_KB_PER_TRANSFER_FREE	     type: long double *

				     The average number of kilobytes in the
				     specified type transaction between the
				     acquisition of previous and current.

     DSM_TRANSFERS_PER_SECOND	     type: long double *

				     The average number of transfers per sec-
				     ond between the acquisition of previous
				     and current.

     DSM_TRANSFERS_PER_SECOND_OTHER

     DSM_TRANSFERS_PER_SECOND_READ

     DSM_TRANSFERS_PER_SECOND_WRITE

     DSM_TRANSFERS_PER_SECOND_FREE   type: long double *
				     ferred per second between the acquisition
				     of previous and current.

     DSM_MB_PER_SECOND_READ

     DSM_MB_PER_SECOND_WRITE

     DSM_MB_PER_SECOND_FREE	     type: long double *

				     The average number of megabytes per sec-
				     ond in the specified type of transaction
				     between the acquisition of previous and
				     current.

     DSM_BLOCKS_PER_SECOND	     type: long double *

				     The average number of blocks transferred
				     per second between the acquisition of
				     previous and current.  This number is in
				     terms of the blocksize reported by the
				     device.  If no blocksize has been
				     reported (i.e., the block size is 0), a
				     default blocksize of 512 bytes will be
				     used in the calculation.

     DSM_BLOCKS_PER_SECOND_READ

     DSM_BLOCKS_PER_SECOND_WRITE

     DSM_BLOCKS_PER_SECOND_FREE      type: long double *

				     The average number of blocks per second
				     in the specificed type of transaction
				     between the acquisition of previous and
				     current.  This number is in terms of the
				     blocksize reported by the device.	If no
				     blocksize has been reported (i.e., the
				     block size is 0), a default blocksize of
				     512 bytes will be used in the calcula-
				     tion.

     DSM_MS_PER_TRANSACTION	     type: long double *

				     The average duration of transactions
				     between the acquisition of previous and
				     current.

     DSM_MS_PER_TRANSACTION_OTHER

     DSM_MS_PER_TRANSACTION_READ

     DSM_MS_PER_TRANSACTION_WRITE

     DSM_MS_PER_TRANSACTION_FREE     type: long double *

				     The average duration of transactions of
				     the specified type between the acquisi-
				     tion of previous and current.

				     The number of not yet completed transac-
				     tions at the time when current was
				     acquired.

     DSM_SKIP			     type: N/A

				     If you do not need a result from
				     devstat_compute_statistics(), just put
				     DSM_SKIP as first (type) parameter and
				     NULL as second parameter.	This can be
				     useful in scenarios where the statistics
				     to be calculated are determined at run
				     time.

     devstat_compute_etime() provides an easy way to find the difference in
     seconds between two bintime structures.  This is most commonly used in
     conjunction with the time recorded by the devstat_getdevs() function (in
     struct statinfo) each time it fetches the current devstat list.


RETURN VALUES

     devstat_getnumdevs(), devstat_getgeneration(), and devstat_getversion()
     return the indicated sysctl variable, or -1 if there is an error fetching
     the variable.

     devstat_checkversion() returns 0 if the kernel and userland devstat ver-
     sions match.  If they do not match, it returns -1.

     devstat_getdevs() and devstat_selectdevs() return -1 in case of an error,
     0 if there is no error and 1 if the device list or selected devices have
     changed.  A return value of 1 from devstat_getdevs() is usually a hint to
     re-run devstat_selectdevs() because the device list has changed.

     devstat_buildmatch() returns -1 for error, and 0 if there is no error.

     devstat_compute_etime() returns the computed elapsed time.

     devstat_compute_statistics() returns -1 for error, and 0 for success.

     If an error is returned from one of the devstat library functions, the
     reason for the error is generally printed in the global string
     devstat_errbuf which is DEVSTAT_ERRBUF_SIZE characters long.


SEE ALSO

     systat(1), kvm(3), sysctl(3), iostat(8), rpc.rstatd(8), sysctl(8),
     vmstat(8), devstat(9)


HISTORY

     The devstat statistics system first appeared in FreeBSD 3.0.  The new
     interface (the functions prefixed with devstat_) first appeared in
     FreeBSD 5.0.


AUTHORS

     Kenneth Merry <ken@FreeBSD.org>


BUGS

     There should probably be an interface to de-allocate memory allocated by
     devstat_getdevs(), devstat_selectdevs(), and devstat_buildmatch().
     thought out a little more.

FreeBSD 5.4			 July 15, 2001			   FreeBSD 5.4

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