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strtol(3)

NAME

     strtol, strtoll, strtoimax, strtoq -- convert a string value to a long,
     long long, intmax_t or quad_t integer

LIBRARY

     Standard C Library (libc, -lc)

SYNOPSIS

     #include <stdlib.h>
     #include <limits.h>

     long
     strtol(const char * restrict nptr, char ** restrict endptr, int base);

     long long
     strtoll(const char * restrict nptr, char ** restrict endptr, int base);

     #include <inttypes.h>

     intmax_t
     strtoimax(const char * restrict nptr, char ** restrict endptr, int base);

     #include <sys/types.h>
     #include <stdlib.h>
     #include <limits.h>

     quad_t
     strtoq(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base);

DESCRIPTION

     The strtol() function converts the string in nptr to a long value.  The
     strtoll() function converts the string in nptr to a long long value.  The
     strtoimax() function converts the string in nptr to an intmax_t value.
     The strtoq() function converts the string in nptr to a quad_t value.  The
     conversion is done according to the given base, which must be between 2
     and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0.

     The string may begin with an arbitrary amount of white space (as deter-
     mined by isspace(3)) followed by a single optional `+' or `-' sign.  If
     base is zero or 16, the string may then include a ``0x'' prefix, and the
     number will be read in base 16; otherwise, a zero base is taken as 10
     (decimal) unless the next character is `0', in which case it is taken as
     8 (octal).

     The remainder of the string is converted to a long, long long, intmax_t
     or quad_t value in the obvious manner, stopping at the first character
     which is not a valid digit in the given base.  (In bases above 10, the
     letter `A' in either upper or lower case represents 10, `B' represents
     11, and so forth, with `Z' representing 35.)

     If endptr is not NULL, strtol() stores the address of the first invalid
     character in *endptr.  If there were no digits at all, however, strtol()
     stores the original value of nptr in *endptr.  (Thus, if *nptr is not
     `\0' but **endptr is `\0' on return, the entire string was valid.)

RETURN VALUES

     The strtol(), strtoll(), strtoimax() and strtoq() functions return the

	   strtol()	  LONG_MIN    LONG_MAX
	   strtoll()	  LLONG_MIN   LLONG_MAX
	   strtoimax()	  INTMAX_MIN  INTMAX_MAX
	   strtoq()	  LLONG_MIN   LLONG_MAX

ERRORS

     [EINVAL]		The value of base is not supported or no conversion
			could be performed (the last feature is not portable
			across all platforms).

     [ERANGE]		The given string was out of range; the value converted
			has been clamped.

SEE ALSO

     atof(3), atoi(3), atol(3), strtod(3), strtoul(3), wcstol(3)

STANDARDS

     The strtol() function conforms to ISO/IEC 9899:1990 (``ISO C90'').  The
     strtoll() and strtoimax() functions conform to ISO/IEC 9899:1999
     (``ISO C99'').  The BSD strtoq() function is deprecated.

FreeBSD 5.4		       November 28, 2001		   FreeBSD 5.4

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